The Attic

My task had been set and so with trepidation, I gingerly climbed the ladder that led to the attic. I balanced on the top rung of the ladder and flung open the trap door. The door crashed against the diirt blackened floorboards loudly. The musty smell hit me, as a flurry of the dust cascaded onto my head. I carefully levered myself up onto the floor above me. I looked around the peculiar room to see beckoning shadows on the walls, as daylight tried to filter through a worn curtain, which graced the solitary window in the room. I stumbled forwards in the half-light, my outstretched hands grabbing a low beam to steady myself. The wood felt gritty and cold beneath my fingers and I looked at my hands, which were now blanketed in grime. I walked carefully to the end of the large attic room, and drew back the faded red velvet curtain, which stretched across the tiny window. The light violated the darkness, and dispelled the gloom. The room was now really quite entrancing, the task of cleaning the room, which I had initially perceived to be a horrible chore, had now turned into a beautiful privilege. I gazed at the room that was cluttered with memorabilia of a bygone era. Under the window stood an oval, walnut coffee table. On its dusty and worn surface stood several ornaments. I bent down and carefully picked up a grey figurine. I blew on it and the dust flew away. It was a white porcelain statuette that I now held; it was a delicate figurine of a ballet dancer. The ballerina was with her slender raised arms stood on points and her beauty contrasted with her shabby surroundings. I gently and with reluctance placed her back on the table I looked over the walls. They were painted yellow once, but now they were a dull cream. I walked over to the wall and ran my hand over the rough surface a thick layer of dust lay on my hand. Disgusted, I wiped my hand against my thighs of as I had worn my old jeans. The wall now had a small track of where I had removed the dust, a light yellow contrasted against the tedious cream. I looked up to see the spiders crawl over the beams, they were now the current tenants of this once beautiful place. The webs spread across from one corner of the room to the other. I lowered my eyes and my gaze met a picture that hung askew on the shabby wall. It was a painting of a horse, with a glossy deep brown coat that stared back at me. I looked at the surroundings in the picture, with its familiar red bricks and rose bushes, and I recognised it, as my back garden. I approached the painting to get a better look and screwed into the wooden frame was a brass plaque engraved with ‘High Princess- 1843'. I smiled and diverted my attention the double pushchair that seemed so out of place, as antiques surrounded it. I recalled the days of when I was once sat in the double pushchair with William, my brother. Memories flew back to me, memories of sitting there with ice cream trickling down my chin, as Will and I happily watching the world go by. Now it stood there, the navy blue material paler and worn, the once polished metal now rusted but the memories are as vivid as yesterday. I stood to exit, and the floorboards creaked beneath my feet, footprints left from where I had been inspecting the ornaments that lay in the room. I headed towards the trapdoor to go and inform my parents on what I had found in our now amazing attic. But something caught my eye, a small jewelry box. I was drawn to it; I walked towards it and picked it up. It was an ornately carved rosewood box from India. I opened the box carefully to reveal a green velvet lined interior. Inside laid unusual pieces of jewelry. I held an emerald necklace, the heavy strange jewel amazed me by its rich deep colour. I placed it carefully back down on its velvet cushioning to pick up another piece of jewelry. A ring. A ruby lay in its centre; I love rubies, as they are my birthstone and had to remind myself to ask Dad if I could have it. Once again, I replaced it. I looked out of the small window that lay behind me and saw that the sun was beginning to get low. I had to leave this room, which had intrigued me for hours. I knew I would return and I knew that at my next visit there would be even more revelations awaiting me.

Men At Forty

â€Å"Men at Forty† is a very well written poem so clearly the diction was chosen well. There are so many things that can be considered diction when writing like if you want to be more sensuous which means you write to appeal to the senses or you have the choice to make it emotional of even esoteric so only the few amount of people who have the proper knowledge to understand it do. A couple of words that describe how this poem was written are precise, emotional, abstruse and esoteric could even tie in with that.Precise writing is marked by exactness or accuracy and â€Å"Men at Forty† in my eyes is very accurate. I do believe that what Donald writes about is exactly what happens once a man gets to forty. In the first stanza it says â€Å"Men at Forty Learn to close softly The doors to rooms they will not be Coming back to. † This is a metaphor about how since he is older he must come to terms with the fact that he might never reach some of his goals in life. Emot ion is a big part of writing because what's the point in writing if there is no emotion.No one will even want to read your writing because they get bored easily with it. In stanza 3 it states â€Å"And deep in mirrors They rediscover The face of the boy as he practices tying His father's tie there in secret† this is very emotional because the man Is looking in the mirror and he still feels young but that is on the inside the outside shows he is growing old, and no one likes growing old because it's a sad reality that we are getting closer and closer to death. This poem can be very abstruse because It could go over some peoples' head.

Emergence of Mncs the Rise of Fordism

Name: Ginu Abraham Registration Number: H00124734 Course: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Coursework type: ESSAY Course Tutor: Dr. UmmeSalma HOW CAN THE EMERGENCE OF MNCs BE BEST EXPLAINED? Multi-National Corporations are corporations which have their head office in one country which is called the host country or the home country from where it manages their operations all over the world. Normally any corporation or group which derives the quarter of their income from their operations outside the host country is considered a multinational corporation.There are mainly four categories of Multi-National Corporations (1) a multinational, decentralized corporation with strong home country presence, (2) a global, centralized corporation that acquires cost advantages through centralized production wherever cheaper resources are available (3) an international company that builds on the parent corporation's technology or R;amp;D (4) a transitional enterprise that combines the previous three approaches . As according to the UN data about 35000 companies have direct investment in foreign countries, and the largest 100 of them control about 40 percent of world trade. Anon. , 2012) The birth of MNC's started from the early days of transitional trade started by Mesopotamian, Phoenician and Greek merchants. As the result of fall of Roman Empire the trade among various nations became difficult. The feudalism in Middle East and Europe resulted in wars among feudal lords and church prohibited the trade with the Muslim nations. After years the trade was established by traders of Italy who are considered as the predecessors of present day Multi-National Corporations.In the mid of seventeenth and eighteenth century Multinational corporations in the form of trading companies started. The East India Company, the French Levant Company, the Hudson Bay Company, was the main multinational companies established in those days. Standard Oil, British Petroleum, International Nickel and Ana Conda Coppe r were the main MNCs investing mainly in petroleum and mining industries in the early twentieth century. The MNCs went through three main phases in their growth process. The first phase came to an end almost at the beginning of the 1st World War.The European Companies such as Imperial Tobacco, Dunlop, Siemens, Philips, etc. captured the field. Due to the recessionary situation prevailing world over during the post-war period amidst of 1930-1950 the growth of Multinational corporations came to a halt. During the first phase, decades of 1950s and 1960s witnessed the emergence of American MNCs such as IBM, General Motors, and Ford Motors. The 1970's witnessed the third phase of MNC's. The new age belonged to the German, Europeans and Japanese MNCs.The recent years witnessed the emergence of MNCS from developing countries such as Indonesia, India etc. (Nirav, 2012) Let us consider the case of Ford Motor Corporation over the years. The life cycle of this company will help us better under stand the emergence of the MNCs Ford Motors is an American automotive corporation found by Henry Ford and a number of associates, who were C. H Bennett, Alexander Malcomson, James Couzens, John W. Anderson, John F. Dodge, Charles J. Woodall, Horace H. Rackham, Horace E. Dodge, Vernon C.Fry, John S. Gray and Albert Strelow started on June 1903. The company have produced automotive parts and heavy vehicles in the past. The Ford Motor company today produces luxury and commercial cars. (Anon. , www. britannica. com) Ford introduced various methods which were later called as Fordism. These were the methods like assembly lines and management of high scale industrial work-force and methods for higher level of production of cars. Henry Ford was one most common symbol of transformation of agricultural to industrial mass production, mass consumption economy.Ford was the creative or most resourceful force which resulted in the growth to superiority of the automobile industry to the world's pri me manufacturing activity. The foremost of the transformations it made was from the craft production to the mass production which helped in the creation of markets as it is mainly based on the economies of scale and scope which resulted in the rise to giant organizations which were built upon minute divisions of labour and functional specialisation. These were the main factors which resulted in the creation of a wider market.The company grew on the concept that to manufacture it by mass and to standardize a product in end would mean to price it so low so that even the lay man would afford to buy it. Ford manufactured almost everything he required for his cars right from the basic raw materials. Ford mastered the mass production techniques to achieve significant economies by taking the task of doing everything by him. Ford was cautious about finance, accounting and giving super vision short and straight for the efficient coordination of the free flow of the raw materials and the comp onents through the production procedure.These were the two reasons why Ford vertically integrated the corporation. Though for the complete vertical integration it needed a huge amount work force including middle managers and specialists which were to be employed and assigned according to the hierarchical scheme. Thus in the end it all helped in the vertical integration of the corporation. By 1950s, the increase in mass production made them the largest single group within every developed country. (Thompson, n. d. The following chain of events will help to shed some light on the three stages of evolution of the company to an MNC. These stages will be further explained following the key moments in history. Ford Motor Corporation sold their first car which was assembled in their Mack Avenue plant in Detroit. The first car that they sold was a two cylinder model A on July 23rd. The Model T was made available to the public in 1908 and in which model production continued until 1927. Ford M otor Corporation of Canada incorporated near Winsor in Ontario.In the same year Ford Motor corporation starts the production at the Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit In 1910 The Manufacturing operations of Ford Motor Corporation was transferred to Highland Park, Michigan Plant. The corporation established their first overseas plant in Trafford Park, Manchester, England in 1911. The experiments with the assembly line began at the Highland Park Plant. The early trials with the transmissions and magnetos were followed by the advancement of chassis assembly line by the mid of the 1913 and by the end of the 1915 the one millionth car was produced by the Ford Motor Corporation.Two years later first Ford truck was introduced which was supported by the Model T engine and in the same year the production of Fordson tractor begins which until Feb 1928 was produced only in North America. It was in the beginning of the 1922 the Ford Motor company purchased Lincoln Motor Company for 8 million doll ars and Edsel Ford the son of Henry Ford was named as the president of the Lincoln. After five years from the purchase of Lincoln Motor Company, it ceases the model T production which was being sold to the public since 1908. Ford starts with production of the Model A in the same year which continues till 1932.By the beginning of 1941 ford started producing the Mercury, the first jeep and first V8 en-block engine-equipped car built. All these car productions came to a halt by the beginning of World War II in 1942 and the production of Ford passenger cars was only resumed by July 3rd 1945. Later in 1956 Ford Motor company transforms into a publicly-held company with the common stock sale in the public and was listed on NYSE in the beginning of 1956. By the same year the Ford Motor company subsidiary on Aeronutronics systems, established which specialized in defence weapons and aerospace technology.As the Ford Motor corporation went on progressing with their production and sales reachi ng higher demands it finally achieves exceeded earnings than those of the General Motors for the First time in 1986/1987. The same year it earns record profits of 4. 63 billion but later on in 1991 Ford Motor Company's largest loss in a year was recorded as 2. 3 billion. As the result the Ford Motor company creates a Quality Care system to meet the needs the Ford dealerships and Ford owners. The same year Ford and Volkswagen Embark on a joint venture in â€Å"Auto Europa†, which is an organisation which produce multipurpose vehicles in Portugal.Later next year Ford's F series truck known as the best-selling truck for the tenth consecutive years in United States. Ford also succeeds in producing the first car which has environment friendly air-conditioning system. By the same year, Ford acquires 50% of the Mazda Motor Manufacturing and renames it as Auto Alliance International. In the year 1993, Ford is claims five of the eight top selling vehicles in the United States. The sam e year the first formal Ford Dealerships were placed inside the mainland China and the Ford China operations later secured the manufacturing and assembly.In 1994 the first ford assembly began in India and acquires the world's largest car rental company named Hertz. Finally in 1995 the Ford 2000 is initiated which was said to combine the power, resources ultimately to be a world company with the intimacy and agility of a small one. (Anon. , 2010) Later through years till to date the Ford Motor Corporation concentrated firmly on increasing the consumer base by marketing and developing new products and to achieve their globalization goals.Ford also tried to put more effort on the research and development to increase their consumer base by commercialising cars powered with natural gas. The company advanced by developing and introducing new features like side impact airbags to their products. The growth and development of the corporation reached even up to the teaming up with the NASA to develop features for their cars which no other corporations in automobile industry have ever provided.Over the years though the ford corporation have already started selling their products, after the 90s it came to a broader perspective of growth by extending their fields to various other sections by teaming up with NASA, Oracle Corporation and even a YMCA Childcare, which portrays the in deep goals to become more than a popular automobile manufacturing corporation. At this juncture I would like to shed some light on three stage of evolution that the Ford Corporation had to get through to become a MNC.There are generally three stages of evolution for a corporation to become a Multinational Corporation; they are the Export stage, Foreign Production Stage and finally the Multinational stage. (BRIMS, n. d. ) The Fords motor Corporation which after its incorporation in 1903 made their first model commercialised for the public after a few years from incorporation. At this first stage of Export, it is the point of time were the Ford Motor Corporation had to completely rely on the export agents for exporting the cars outside their home country as they had no other option to increase their export sales.They built plants in Detroit and Michigan to increase the production to satisfy the demand for the cars. The company focuses mainly on achieving higher number of export sales and introduces methods like assembly line to reduce cost and to save time which ultimately increases the production. In the second stage of foreign production, the Ford motor corporation's export sales reach the limits of the sales to the foreign countries in means of export sales.Now the Corporation had the option of either to start a plant in a foreign country or to license corporation's technology to a new company in a foreign country is a risky choice as it may result in transfer of trade secrets regarding the technology to a new firm thereby paving way for the rise of a rival. In spite of the se facts the Ford Motor Corporation established their foremost overseas manufacturing plant in Trafford Park, Manchester. Thus the productivity of the Ford Motor Corporation increases and in 1915 it produces he one millionth ford car and over the decades the Ford Motor Corporation increases their productivity by building more efficient and advanced plants throughout the home country and in foreign countries as well, which means it has already entered the final stage of being a multinational company. In this final stage, Ford Motor Corporation focuses on research and development, financing, and recruiting and co-ordinating production. By viewing the world market into a broader and growth intended view which results in the standardisation of products and the services paving way for the emergence of MNCs.From this it is easy for us to understand the different phases involved in an organisation’s transformation into an MNC. This also helps us to understand the changing market tre nds and consumer behavioural characteristics thus helping us understand the concept of business as a whole.REFERENCE Anon. , 2010. www. thehenryford. org. [Online] Available at: http://www. thehenryford. org/exhibits/fmc/chrono. asp [Accessed 19 09 2012]. Anon. , 2012. www. businessdictionary. com. [Online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/multinational-corporation-MNC. html Anon. , www. britannica. com. www. britannica. com. Online] Available at: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/213265/Ford-Motor-Company [Accessed 19 09 2012]. BRIMS, D. V. , n. d. A Brief on MNCs inside pages, s. l. : s. n. BRIMS, D. V. , n. d. A Brief on MNCs inside pages, s. l. : s. n. Nirav, S. , 2012. www. preservearticles. com. [Online] Available at: http://www. preservearticles. com/2012020122380/emergence-of-mncs-in-a-historical-perspective. html [Accessed 20 09 2012]. Thompson, G. F. , n. d. Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible System of Production, Virginia: s. n. T hompson, G. F. , n. d. Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible Sytem of Production , Virginia: s. n.

The Giver by Lois Lowry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Audience Analysis and Reception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Audience Analysis and Reception - Essay Example Also, since the audience is the management of the workplace, I must also keep in mind that my report should be concise and to-the-point, since the management would not have enough to time to spare and read a lengthy report with more hanky-panky and less real content. The report should reflect the overall impression of the organization. The most important things to consider while writing a formal report are its tone, structure, and length. However, other audience needs include their age and educational level. I must not present complex, technical information to non-technical audience. To go into some more detail, a formal report must contain some or all of these structural components, keeping in view that the management is going to judge me on the basis of the report I present to them. I must give proper consideration to the front matter, the body of the report, and the back matter. The front matter includes a little information about the addressee, the executive summary of the report, the title page, table of contents, and lists of figures and tables. The body of the report should include introduction to the report, the discussion of findings and results, and the conclusion. The back matter must contain the appendix, references, and glossary. This is how I should format my report when I have to present it to the management, keeping in view the needs of the audience. It is also important to discuss here the risks of not considering the audience’s needs. The main risk is that the management will consider me as an irresponsible individual, with no sense of how to deal with seniors. Although the management already knows my educational and professional background, yet they will expect me to prove myself after I have become an employee with their organization. My overall impression as an employee will get destroyed in case I present a report that is void of audience awareness. My chances of getting

Retail Market in Thailand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Retail Market in Thailand - Assignment Example The Thai retail environment has distorted radically in the years since the 1997 financial crisis, which saw lots of Thai shareholders having to sell their shares to foreign-owned multinational retail operators, as well as the Thai government's policy to hold trade liberalisation in its wish to contribute in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) (David W. Raisbeck, 2003). To struggle the financial crisis, the Thai government followed trade deregulation. Thailand has since welcomed an influx of large-scale multinational hypermarket, supermarket and specialist retailers, which are eager for a share of the Thai retail market. This has raised protests from several Thai academics and traditional retailers, which have raised the "nationalist" alarm bells. Numerous Thai-owned minute and medium-sized retailers have been pushed out of business since they could not fight with the much better multinational discount stores, as some better Thai retailers have been bought out by foreign conglomerates. ... investors possess relative advantages in terms of a noise financial base, superior economies of scale, lower costs of production and superior bargaining power, due to their much larger order volumes (E.G., 2005). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) "In this increasingly open world, FDI has become an important driving force for economic globalisation". (Xinhua News Agency, 2002) It can be supposed that FDI is fine and essential for the development of Thailand. FDI is regarded as a source of power in the globalisation process that sets apart the modern world economy. The process has reduced the value of territorial boundaries and every area of the world is in single way or another engaged in the process (FAOSTAT, 2005). The region should thus raise its international share of FDI. The supposition is based on the possibly incontrovertible roles that FDI can play in the growth of the region. This justifies the anxiety about the call for and ability of the region to increase its international share of FDI inflows. FDI in Thailand Foreign direct investment has been an significant constituent of Thailand's economic development process. Given the rising meaning of industrial competitiveness in an gradually more spirited global marketplace and the possible of the association linking FDI and technological improvement, this research discover two questions opposite Thai policy makers: (i) what are the most effectual ways in which technology relocate can take place during FDI; and (ii) how can such transfers be accelerated and improved during FDI promotion policies FDI in Emerging Markets It is a reality that Thailand, like several other emerging market of this world, needs a considerable inflow of external resources so as to fill the economy and foreign exchange gaps related

Report of Air Pollution in Beijing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report of Air Pollution in Beijing - Case Study Example The paper will also go over the essential features and facts regarding the issue; the knowledge that one is required to have in order to understand the issue itself. Keywords: air, pollution, Beijing, China, factors, influences, misconceptions, impressions The Nature and Scope of the Report on Air Pollution in Beijing Pollution is a widespread, global issue that affects humans, plants, and animals alike. It causes issues with individual habitats, evolutionary changes, diseases, illness, and even death. Children learn about the topic of pollution each and every day in school, but in spite of what is learned, the lessons are not fully brought home, and the concept of the planet becoming more and more polluted, and even inhabitable in some cases, is completely lost on the individual, who continues to think of pollution as simply an abstract concept. Yet, for the children, men, and women who live in Beijing, China, the issue is far from an abstract one, as pollution, air pollution specif ically, continues to have lasting and adverse impacts on their day to day lives. Though many Americans are familiar with the concept of air pollution, and how it may have an effect on the environment itself, it is a topic that is hardly ever brought up, except perhaps in the context of whether or not their car is old enough to bypass the emissions check required for newer cars upon their yearly inspection. The American populace may read the occasional article on abc.net.au, or some other such site about the pressing concerns that the air quality in China has forced upon those who live there, however, again, it is an abstract concept, many people having never left the country, and even less who are considered knowledgeable about the cultures, practices, geography, or political climate in China. As such, it could be said that the knowledge of the American populace in regards to matters concerning China, and in regards to issues revolving around air pollution itself is that of limited depth and limited breadth. Due to this lack of knowledge, lack of familiarization with other cultures and countries, and as a result of the nebulous way of viewing the topic of air pollution, it is guaranteed that the American audience will have misconceptions in regards to the topic of air pollution in Beijing. One possible misconception that may arise is the assumption that the government in Beijing works in the same manner as it does here in America due to the fact that they too have a mayor. The associated assumptions that come with this viewpoint will cause the information provided by the mayor on February 10th to be viewed in a different light, making them appear more like empty campaign promises than actual decisive actions that will be taken in order to work to combat this particular issue (Kelly, 2013). In addition, due to the very nature of air pollution in America, and how it is viewed, â€Å"That’s a problem in x city, but it’s not an issue here in my city ,† the reader is likely to take the same cavalier attitude towards the issue, one of out of sight, out of mine; the idea that it is someone else’s problem. Due to this particular type of attitude, misconceptions may arise regarding how severe the particular issue is, and how pertinent it is for others to play their part in correcting the matter; for them to look back at the situation, see the cause and effect process, and be able to then turn and apply those selfsame

French ban on full face veils Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

French ban on full face veils - Essay Example The ban has been in operation since its enactment in April 2011 and previously let to the arrest of women protesting the conviction of a feminist Russian pussy riot. Wearing of full-face veil is a requirement and practice by the female gender in Muslim religion, and, therefore, imposing a ban on such, would ideally, be an infringement on the rights of the Muslin women’s rights as stated by the critics of such a law. Application of such a law would instead bring about tension among the proponents and the opponents; however, after a year of application, tolerance of both the Muslim women and the police has played a significant role in cooling temperatures of the perceived tension. Indeed, in an era in which terrorism has become a global concern, taking of security measures is crucial aspect, and, as such, France took the initiative of banning the wearing of full-face veil commonly known as niqab as a means of enhancing security. Based on such a perspective, other nations including Belgium and the Dutch are in the process of enacting a similar law that bans the use of full-face veils, especially in public places. Since the law banning the wearing of full-face veil among women was enacted in France, it has resulted in fines warnings by the police who are equally hesitant in the implementation of law citing the tension aspects associated with its full implementation. Most of the women on their part have been cooperative with the police by lifting up their veils upon requests by the police. Such an approach has indeed enhanced peace between the two sides, except for some few cases when conflict seems to erupt between police and some Muslim women. In its initial role, the law banning the wearing of full-face veil involved an aspect of enhancing security and protecting the women from improper accusations and suspicion as terrorists, instead the law seems to have become a prison for a majority of the women, as most prefer to stay indoors as a means of avoiding police

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture Essay

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture - Essay Example Organizational culture has an impact on the way in which an organization executes is vision and mission and affects the manner in which it deals with customers, employees and other third parties. It also determines some other critical aspects such as the level of involvement of employees in decision making process, innovation, contribution to new ideas as well as expression of opinion. The organizational culture also determines the hierarchy and the commitment that employees have towards to the organization. Organizational culture is often said to be one element that is most challenging to change or alter and hence, the way in which it gets shaped is very important (Cummings et al, 2004). Therefore, the way in which leadership of the organization paves and molds the development of culture is of critical importance. Enron and Organizational culture The Enron scandal which happened in early 2000s is one of the major scandals of corporate history where it came to light that the organiza tional leadership took advantage of certain loopholes in accounting and hence, did not show their losses and debts in their financial statements. As it was an accounting scam carried out purposely, the leadership Enron received major criticism on account of improper ethics as well as flawed organizational culture. Jeff Skilling (President) and Ken Lay, the CEO had intense focus on making huge profit and this compromised the ethics. To make this huge amount of profit, the employee reward system was changed to such a manner that compensation was totally based on the level of profit that an employee can produce and there were no caps on salaries. This resulted in an extremely competitive environment where dishonesty would be overlooked and profits were the only thing that mattered. The belief that making more money permeated through the organization in such a manner that it became a norm. According to Cruver (2003), it was clear to the employees that the leadership expected 'profit at all costs' from them. In addition, the focus was on short term bottom line which made the employees and traders even more aggressive towards making more money. Therefore, a culture was established where employees were hired and fired based on the profits that they bought to the organization. Enron Leadership and its responsibility in the Scandal As per Schein (1985), leadership is one aspect that causes the creation, reinforcement as well as change in the culture of the organization especially from an ethical perspective. The responsibility of the entire scam and the subsequent crisis lies with the leadership because the way in which the key executive players of the organizations such as Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling reshaped the culture determined this particular outcome. They adopted several strategies to make changes to the culture so that it centers around profit and money. One of the first strategies adopted by them was to shuffle their staff around and hence, giving pink slips to the employees based on performance became an accepted practice. However, as the employees were rewarded with a huge compensation for their performance, they cultivated a set of employees who were high performers, but who chose to ignore tenets of basic ethics. Hence, the entire culture of the organization underwent a transformation within a short period of time. As

Epistemologhy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Epistemologhy - Essay Example A good example was the challenges that people had back in the 50s when the radio program, "The War of the Worlds" was played. This was a popular novel back in 1938 and on Sunday, October 30, 1938 at 8 p.m. this radio broadcast was done. Because people relied on the radio to give them the "correct" news, they believed that the broadcast was "true". This created a panic across the nation and people called radio and television stations to find out what they should do (Rosenberg 1). This example shows how it is difficult to know what is "real" and what is "not real" when we are talking about knowledge. Descartes had a lot to say about knowledge and it is difficult for us to truly understand what knowledge is and how it is used in the world. On the one hand, we can say that someone "knows" something but we cannot really say how the individual knows what they know. In thinking about knowledge we have to go deeper and wonder whether knowledge is a belief or it is something that we learn. Descartes tells us that we must look at reality and determine what that is first before we can say what knowledge is and we must understand it without doubt. Descartes ideas seem rational although they are somewhat difficult to explain.(Newman par. 1). He believed that if any thought could be subjected to any doubt then it was false (Skirry par. 2). Although this idea has some validity it is this researchers opinion that his idea does not go far enough. If we were to categorize thoughts it would be difficult to tell which ones were "true" and which ones were "false" because there is always room for d oubt. In fact, most people would suggest that their way of thinking was "true" no matter what it was and therefore our thoughts would be different on a variety of issues. Descartes had some of the information but not all of it (although we do have to think about what was available to him

LGBT is a bad idea in university because Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

LGBT is a bad idea in university because - Essay Example LGBT housing is a bad idea in university because housing is discriminative in nature. According to (Cochran) , Barry Magee, who is the Director of Resident Life, argues that housing LGTB will create an environment where allies of LGTB community as well as those individuals who are identified as LGTB come together and share comfortable conversations . In addition, Magee said that housing of LGBT will create a safer atmosphere in the campus for the LGBT community by bringing the community together. Rather than creating a safe environment, housing of LGTB will convey discrimination on the Campus. Researchers argue that the main ground of discrimination and especially in a school environment is a negative perception. The perception that a particular set of group of the individual is more important that another will cause students uproar. Housing of LGBT will act as a transparent base for comparison of beliefs and personal behaviors and as result safety the safety of the student will redu ce. In most cases, every action that is conducted towards schoolmates, classmates among others will be evaluated on the basis of LGBT (Lee 205). LGBT housing is a bad idea in university because of academic reasons. Social relationships are very critical, both in schools and outside school. Good relationships raise the self-esteem of students and more importantly their way of expression. Self-esteem in school enables students to identify their better performers on campus comfortably and as a result making them their target to their academic improvements. Housing of LGBT will be creating a barrier by which students will be interacting. For instance, it will be exceptionally peculiar to find a member of LGBT community interacting, leave alone taking an academic project together with others for fear of discrimination. Fundamentally, different tutors and professors have different teaching methods. In some

Underage Drinking Essay Example for Free

Underage Drinking Essay Do you remember how cool you felt the first time that you drank? All of us younger kids, hanging out with the older kids, everyone getting drunk together. Thinking about this when I was younger really made me raise the question of why we have a legal limit to drink in the first place. Underage kids have had no problem getting alcohol for decades so why put a legal limit on it? When I found myself asking these questions the answers seemed to make sense; or maybe it was my senior year of high school when I got suspended for ten days. After that had occurred it made me think that maybe they have a limit on alcohol for a reason. One of those reasons being that kids are not mature enough yet to handle the side effects that alcohol brings. Underage drinking has been around for years but it brings little to no good to our society. In the United States, there is a certain legal age that states the time in which individuals are allowed to drink or purchase alcohol. Even though you may not agree with most of the rules that the federal government has set in place, this is one rule that I am definitely in favor for. They have placed the legal age limit at 21 for all alcoholic beverages. It does not matter what state you are in; the drinking law is the same for all 50 states in the United States of America (Cost of Underage Drinking). Sadly, sometimes these laws are broken. Even with these laws in place, the alcoholic consumption by our youth still becomes an issue in the United States. After doing research I have come to find out that statistics show that at least eleven million teenagers are still underage drinkers, with about half of them being binge drinkers, meaning they usually have more than 5 drinks per occasion (Flewelling) . In my opinion I believe that America needs to have a change in culture and beliefs towards underage drinking and make it a main priority. While so many people are focused on the consumption of drugs and making that go away, underage drinking is still a humungous issue in America. The NIH News stated that, â€Å"Alcohol is the most used drug by young Americans these days.† When you have newspapers starting to agree with this theory, then you know it’s a serious issue. The risky behavior that is performed Is often associated with underage drinking can have devastating and long term consequences. â€Å"Forty percent of those who start drinking before the age of fifteen meet criteria for alcoholism at some point in their lives.† (Atwood). People often wonder the reason that makes teenagers take part in this terrible habit. There are many reasons why teenagers drink alcohol. For example many homes in America have developed a habit of sipping some alcohol before dinner every night. Another reason to use alcohol at such a young age would be to relieve stress, especially teenagers who use alcohol in time of a confrontation or an argument arises between their family and friends. I believe the main reason that teenagers use alcohol is because they do not much about their effects. In a society where the kid’s parents use alcohol on a daily basis and all the advertisement that is out there now that shows alcohol is very attractive or the cool thing to do; teenagers see these influences and think that it is the cool thing to do, and will make them be considered more of an adult. While I was conducting research I found out that those young people that start drinking at an early age are five times more likely to experience alcohol related complications later on in their lives. Studies have shown that alcohol has more harmful affects on a teenager’s brain and the giving of child birth than an adult would have (Dee) . A person’s brain usually develops the most between the ages of 12 and 21, and if you are consuming alcohol on a regular basis during that time then what do you think the effects are going to be? The use of alcohol doesn’t only have an effect on your brain, but can also drastically affect others. For example, an underage drunk driver hit my girlfriend 2 months ago, and she has to see the neurologist three times a week for treatment. All because of one man’s simple mistake, her life, my life and all of her friends and family were greatly affected. Studies have found that alcohol consumption by teenagers can cause drastic c hanges in the development in personality and general behavior. Many teenagers that drink think that they are invincible and that nothing will ever happen to them, but only if they would read and pay attention to the signs that warn them about these dangers, they would probably think differently. It is shown that those who drink for a short term or just in moderation have been found to impair their learning and memory much more in young people than in adults. It is also possible that those who drink often may not ever be able to catch up on adulthood, because alcohol prevents the growth of systems that are responsible for learning and storing new information (Kaiser). The brain isn’t the only thing in the human body that is affected. Another main body part that is affected is the liver. In many teenagers’ minds, the liver is the last thing they think about when consuming alcohol. Alcohol affects one’s liver in very large amounts. Alcohol can lead to a major liver disease known as, alcohol induced liver disease, a major cause of illness and death in the United States (Kaiser). Studies have shown that about 10 to 35 percent of those who drink heavily developed hepatitis. This causes about 10,000 to 24,000 deaths in the United States each and every year (Gruenebaum). â€Å"A serious epidemic is overtaking our country and underage drinking is spreading rapidly like a virus† (The Consequence of Underage Drinking). Teenagers in all 50 states are getting caught drinking illegally each and every day. The sad thing is, that it isn’t only teenagers in college that are doing it either. Students in high school, middle school and even elementary. How have we let the problem arise this far? There is just no excuse to be oblivious to the issue anymore. Underage drinking is right in front of our faces, and it is killing not only our children, but also the people that they hurt. Thomas Dee made a valid point by stating, â€Å"If we focused more on our children not drinking, than us needing a drink then we would be a lot better off.† It just seems that so many people are focused on getting drunk, than actually doing the right thing. I’m i n the Marines and every day on active duty it seemed that someone under the legal age was getting into trouble for drinking. Although, many believe that if you are old enough to die for your country then you should be able to drink underage. The thing is, the government has made it made very clear, and it is those duties to follow the rules of be punished for them. It is not only the health issues that make this law in effect, but the maturity level also. And teenagers over the years have proven over and over, that they are not responsible enough to handle the responsibility of alcohol consumption. On the other hand, trying to be in favor of those who are under the age, there is just no realistic solution in my opinion. Drinkers and parents need to take charge and responsibility for making sure that teenagers don’t drinks; especially don’t drink and drive. One solution for this would be to end all college sponsorships that have to do with any type of alcohol. Although it brings in big bucks for colleges and for scholarships, it’s the right thing to do to protect the students. The main target for alcohol brands is young people, especially college students. Many will say that it is the drinker’s responsibility, but according to Mark Clayton, education is just not enough. â€Å"Others will say that big companies are not a threat, it is local bars, but only big brewery companies sponsor colleges and universities† (Clayton). Another main issue for underage drinkers at college is adults providing alcohol and false identification. â€Å"Colleges should cut all sales of alcoholic beverages at sporting events, so that false identification cannot be provided.† (Cox). To prevent this problem, another way could be to educate youth about alcohol consumption well before middle school. For most students, before they even reach middle school they are already exposed to alcohol. The D.A.R.E. program teaches children about alcohol and its affects, should be taught in elementary school. My little brother who is in third grade came home and told me that he had learned about that last week, and said he never wants to drink alcohol. According to (underageddrinking.samhsa.gov), over 70% of 8th graders said alcohol is easy to get, and 30% of children age 12-14 get alcohol from a family member. These statistics just go to show how easy it is for kids these days to get alcohol. In some cases the police have no control over the issue. One example would be underground drinking. â€Å"Raising the drinking age to 21 was passed with the very best of intentions, but it’s had the very worst of outcomes. The law has pushed and forced underage drinking and youthful drinking underground, where we have no control over it.† (Hanson). This makes me think is underage drinking ever going to stop? The answer is no. Why teenagers drink is something we just do not have a definite answer for. There are many reasons why teenagers drink, and every one has their own reason for doing it. Peer pressure and stress are among the most common reasons that teenagers take up drinking (CDC). Everyone these days want to feel accepted by their peers, and they believe that drinking will give them the acceptance they seek. â€Å"Many teenagers will think they are invincible when they drink and get behind a wheel.† (American Driving Academy). Drinking and driving is just of the many issues that arise when teenagers get alcohol in them. And if you are under the age and think you can get away with it, you better think again. â€Å"If a minor who has been arrested for driving while under the influence refuses to submit to a sobriety test, the minor can be charged with a separate offense referred to as a referral† (Cost of Underage Drinking). The bottom line is if you under the age of 21, then you should never touch alcohol. If you do decide to make a stupid decision like this, then use your head and not get caught.

Developing Self-Assessment Skills in Nursing

Developing Self-Assessment Skills in Nursing Self-assessment is the way in which individuals reflect on past experiences and events in order to facilitate learning, and to develop and maintain skills and knowledge, in order to evaluate whether individual competencies are compliant with relevant codes of conduct by profession. Models within the literature on the process of self-assessment also use the term ‘reflection’ to describe such activity, whereby self-assessment / reflection method is seen to involve ‘returning to an experience, describing it and attending to thoughts and feelings.’ (Platzer, Blake Snelling, 1997;193) For nursing and other healthcare professionals (HCPs) in particular, self-assessment is a medium in which theory can be assessed during practice, and to tap into the personal knowledge resource of HCP’s ‘embedded in the practices and know how of expert clinicians. (Brenner, 1984;4) The cognitive processes involved within self-assessment activity are described within the literature as complex, involving high order cognitive capacities; making influences, generalizations; memory, analogies; emotional evaluation and problem solving (Moore, 1998). Analysing ones performance is thus described in terms of a professional development tool, whereby gaps in knowledge as well as areas of expertise may be identified, and form the focus of further training, and/or activities at work in line with Department of Health initiatives for continuing professional development. Self-assessment within clinical practice for nurses thus needs to be taught and coached, and may occur in a number of ways. Models of reflection and self-assessment documented describe the need for use of written records of practice within self-assessment, such as through reflective diaries (Platzer, Blake Snelling, 1997) which can be used as the basis for discussion during group-working projects and in one-to-one coaching sessions between mentors and student nurses for example. The use of reflection through self-assessment has been suggested as particularly relevant to nurses due to the nature of their work – the need to respond to individual requirements and needs of patients, and to avoid rigid routines of caring acts that can lead to performing duties on ‘autopilot’ (Cox, 1994) Self-assessment is thus suggested to prevent complacency or caring through pattern / ritual from occurring, by reflecting on ones practices to allow nurses to provide individualized patient care. Self-assessment practices may be taken by nurses during a number of reflection opportunties; critical incident techniques (Clamp, 1980; Flannagan, 1954) reviews of case studies and personal experiences or practice reviews (Wilshaw Bohannan, 2003) The reflection process thus enables learning for nurses through initiating discussion and thought in regards to comparing actions taken against suggested best practice. Self-assessment is becoming increasingly incorporated learning programmes for nurses, as well as receiving focus throughout careers in order to enable continuing professional development. Self-assessment of ones own competencies are thus predominantly portrayed in a positive light and emphasis given to associated advantages. One of the major benefits of incorporating self-assessment into both education and professional development, is the way in which theory and learning can be translated into more applied methods, and by increasing the relevance of taught theory, help students and new nurses to apply what they have learnt in the classroom into their patient care through evaluating learning in the context of their own experiences. Reflection and self-assessment throughout a career can also allow nurses to develop this initial knowledge base by incorporating future experiences to widen personal knowledge resource to continue to grow professionally. Benefits of the use of self-assessments can also be seen in the way in which they can allow more accurate evaluation of the training programmes used to educate nurses. Research indicates that the commonly used questionnaire technique to investigate students perceptions and evaluations of training can be influenced by a range of external factors that often make such ratings highly unreliable; like / dislike of the tutor, and the aesthetics of the learning environment are two such factors (Hicks Henessey, 2001), and are thus likely to contribute little to analyzing the true efficacy of the training undergone. Considerations should however be taken when using self-assessment for a number of reasons. Firstly the depth of evaluation and use of reflections will depend on the level of importance that an individual will place on their own knowledge and assessment abilities. It has been reported that many HCPs place little value on their own personal knowledge favoring only research based knowledge – thus underutilizing their own resource (Platzer, Blake Snelling, 1997) and so may subsequently place little value or effort into the process of self-assessment meaning learning outcome will be limited. The reliability of the cognitions underlying self-assessment techniques can also put into question the usefulness of the results for learning – memory for recounting events can be affected by anxiety (Newell, 1992), whilst others may feel under scrutiny and look to justify or rationalise actions (Wilshaw Bohannan, 2003) rather than reflect and learn from outcomes. This highlights the w ay in which self-assessment is only truly useable in environments that are not operating within a blame culture where personal evaluation would otherwise be inhibited. Lastly it is also reported that the coaching experience and ability of mentors to teach self-assessment techniques exerts a strong influence on the outcome in ability to complete self-assessment tasks for their students, and therefore the ability of coaches will have a positive or negative impact for students (Arvidsson,2005) The Nursing and Midwifery Council(NMC) openly supports the use of a self-assessment system as a means for nurses to identify ‘shortfalls’ in their skills, by rating their own performance. Self-assessment should be thus used to identify gaps in nurse’s abilities and so highlight key training needs, acting in what the NMC call an ‘early warning system’ capacity against poor standards (Duffin, 2004). Although not compulsory, self-assessment is seen as a way for nurses to contemplate critical areas within their clinical environment (information for clients on treatment, nurse/client relationships professional accountability: Duffin, 2004) that staff shortages and time pressures may otherwise push to the sideline, with the assessment of these factors proposed to help nurses to work within the NMC Code of Professional Conduct, and protect staff against misconduct charges, by providing a practical route of translating codes of contact guidelines into action s and evaluating the effectiveness of these actions. The use of self-assessment procedures with nurses is already covered in some detail within learning and training courses for those new to the profession of nursing. In early training, mentors are used to facilitate the start of a journey of growth from knowledge (Price, 2005), through the ability to reflect on ones own actions, and feelings towards those experiences individually or in group work during nursing education (Platzer, Blake Snelling 1997) Self-assessment as a tool for learning is also actively encouraged within the continuing professional development initiatives set by the Department of Health which now stipulates the need for post-basic education for all HCP’s, and from the NMC’s own code of conduct which places great importance on the identification of skill-shortfalls through self-assessment alongside other identification means, in order to ensure patients are receiving the best care possible, from skilled and well trained nursing professionals. REFERENCES Arvidsson, B (2005) ‘Factors influencing nurse supervisor competence: a critical incident analysis study’ Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 13, 3 Clamp, C (1980) ‘Learning through critical incidents’ Nursing Times 1755-1758 Crawford, M (1998) ‘Development through self-assessment: strategies used during clinical nursing placements’ Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol. 27, 1 Duffin, C (2004) NMC system to give early warning of skills shortfall’ Nursing Standard Vol. 19, 5 p7 Flannagan, (1954) cited in Wilshaw, G Bohannon, N (2003) ‘Reflective practice and team teaching in mental health care.’ Nursing Standard Vol. 17, 50 p33-37 Hek, G ‘Developing self evaluation skills: a pragmatic research-based approach for complex areas of nursing’ Nurse Researcher Vol.11, 2 p73-82 Hicks, C Hennessy, D (2001) ‘An alternative technique for evaluating the effectiveness of continuing professional development courses for healthcare professionals: a pilot study with practice nurses’ Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 9 p39-49 Moore, P (1998) ‘Development of professional practice research training fellowships: occasional papers’ Health Professions Wales Morrison, J (2005) ‘ABC of learning and teaching in medicine’ British Medical Journal 326 (7385) p385-387 Newell (1992) cited in Platzer, H. Blake, D Snelling, J (1997) ‘A review of research into the use of groups and discussion to promote reflective practice in nursing’ Research in compulsory Education Vol. 2, 2 Platzer, H. Blake, D Snelling, J (1997) ‘A review of research into the use of groups and discussion to promote reflective practice in nursing’ Research in compulsory Education Vol. 2, 2 Price, B (2005) ‘Self-assessment and reflection in nurse education’ Nursing Standard Vol. 19, 29 p33-37 Wilshaw, G Bohannon, N (2003) ‘Reflective practice and team teaching in mental health care.’ Nursing Standard Vol. 17, 50 p33-37

Principles Of Software Development

Principles Of Software Development Gagandeep Singh   (a) Different types of number system:- 1 binary The binary number system can be represented by 2 digits (0 and 1) . all the data of our computer is in the form of binary numbers. Binary number is mostly used in   electronic circuit to check there voltages (i.e., on/off switch)   where 0 consider when switch is off and 1 when switch is on. Moreover the base of binary number is 2 because it has   only 2 digits and each binary digit is known as bit. Examples-a (010101)2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B (1010.101)2 Decimal:- decimal number system can be represented by 10 types of digits from 0 to 9, so the base of decimal number system is 10. This is one of the most simple and familiar with everyone. Examples-A (456374)10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B (143.345)10 Octal:-   it can be represented by 8 different types from 0 to 7, so the base of octal is 8. The group of 3 binary digit is equal to 1 octal number. For example- 000 binary number is equal to 0, 001 binary number is equal to 1 and so on. Moreover in this octal number system any digit is always less than 8 because 8 has not a valid digit. For example-a (6342)8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B (2473.564)8 Hexadecimal:-   hexadecimal can be represented by 16 digits from 0 to 15 but 0 to 9 can be in digits but 10 to 15 in alphabets like 10 =A, 11=B, 12=C, 13=D, 14=E, 15=F. Only complex or wide numbers are used in this system. For example-A (CD45)16   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B (D77.4A6)16. (codesand tutorials) (b) convert 10310 to binary Answer = binary 1100111 Hexadecimal is 67 Octal is 147   (c) Convert (1011010)2 to decimal and hexadecimal. Answer = Decimal (1011010)2 (1011010)2 = 126 + 0x25 + 124 + 123 + 0x22 + 121 + 0x20 = 164 + 0x32 + 116 + 18 + 0x4 + 12 + 0x1 = 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = (90)10 Hexadecimal is 5A.   Integer it consist whole number that can be positive or negative like 12, 0, -12 or 1344. But integers cant be in decimals. It is used to search the items in the computer with the help of array. It occupy 2 and 4 bytes. And the range for signed integers is -32,468 to 32767 or -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. For unsigned the range value is 0 to 65,535 or 0 to 4,294,967,295. Example:-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Int id; (Techterm) Character a character may be any letter, number or symbol than can be typed on computer. There are two types of the character data types. Signed and unsigned. Each character   occupy 1 byte of storage. Range of signed char is -128 to 127 and for unsignedis 0 to 255. Example:- Char name; (techterm) Float when we want to store a decimal values in the variable than we can say this is float. It is also known as real number data type and the storage size of float is 4 bytes. The range is 1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38. Float avg; Double when we have to use data type on big eateries that type of data is double data type. Moreover storage size of double data type is 8 bytes. Boolean-when we have only two option like yes/no or true/false then we can say this type of data is known as Boolean data. Different types of coding system 1. BCD Code The full form of BCD is binary coded system. It has represented by 4 binary digits because it has 4 bit code. This code is mostly used in the past. 2. EBCDIC Code EBCDIC means extended binary coded decimal interchange code which can be represented by 256 characters and it has 8 bit code. 3. ASCII ASCII stands for American standard code for information interchange. The founder of this is ANSI (American National Standard Institute) in 1968 and mostly prefers to use on personal computer. It has 7 bit code which can be represented by 128 characters. This code is not enough to represent the graphics character on computer screen. As 8 bit character represent 256 character and the extended 128   character has unique code represent graphic symbols. 4. Unicode Unicode has a 16 bit code and it can be representing by 65536 characters. The main purpose of this is to replace ASCII code because it can represent all the characters of all languages in the world. (Ameen, 2011) 5 Barcode A barcode is just like a image of small lines which shows the retails and identify the particular items. The code of the product is entered in the computer before to put on the shells. Moreover it has five main parts : a quiet zone, a start character, data character, a stop character, and another quiet zone. (manufacturingERP)

Thomas Young :: biographies bio physics physicist

Thomas Young (1773-1829) Thomas Young was a brilliant man throughout his life. At a young age of fourteen, he was familiar with Latin, Greek, French, Italian, Hebrew, Arabic, and Persian. He was so educated in a variety of areas that his peers called him Phenomena Young. This Englishman found interest in languages, medicine, nature, and light. He did his studies in London, Edinburgh, and Gà ¶ttingen, and practiced medicine in London. With his strong interest in sense perception, he was able to make many realizations and discoveries about the eye. For example, he was the first to realize the eye focuses by changing the shape of the lens, he discovered the cause of astigmatism, and he and Helmoltz initiated the three color theory of perception. In 1801, regardless of the uncertainty from other scientists, his double-slit experiment established that light was a wave motion, making his famous. Over the years, he gained new interests. He started studying Egyptology, and while he was one Napoleon’s expedit ions he started studying the texts of Rosetta Stone. This in time helped to decipher the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. Some other interests that Young acquired over the years, leading him to more discoveries are surface tension, elasticity and energy. He even worked as a professor at schools, including the Royal Institution and Cambridge University. Thomas Young was a smart, well educated English physician and physicist. His love for his work and interests allowed him to make discoveries that help us to this day, and to be remembered and acknowledged as â€Å"†¦a man alike eminent in almost every department of human learning.† Lifelong Accomplishments 1773 -Thomas Young is born 1792 -Young decided on a career in medicine. 1793 -Presented a paper before the Royal Society in which he attributed the accommodation of the eye to its muscular structure 1794 -Elected to membership of the Royal Society -After completing his medical studies at Edinburgh and Gà ¶ttingen, he returned to London to practice but continued his scholarly studies at Emmanuel College, Cambridge -His uncle died, making him financially independent, allowing him to pursue his real interests 1798 -Some investigations on sound and light formed the starting point for his theory of interference 1799 -Began his medical practice in London -While attending medical school, he discovered how the lens of the human eye changes shape to focus on objects at different distances 1800 -Published his experiments on Sound and Light in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 1801 -Discovered the cause of astigmatism -Young and Helmholtz initiated the three color theory of perception.

Impact of Absenteeism on Quality of Care in Private Care Home :: Private Care Learning Disabilities Health

1.0 INTRODUCTION This paper first discusses the issue of Absenteeism in a Private Care Home which cares for five people with Learning Disabilities. Secondly, it looks at SSM, Cognitive Mapping and SODA I as appropriate methodologies for analysing the problem of Absenteeism why SODA I using Cognitive Mapping is best recommended. Thirdly, a Model is built using Individual Cognitive maps which are then merged to form a strategic map which is action oriented. Fourthly, limitations of the Model are discussed. Lastly, a Monitoring system is suggested which helps to monitor absenteeism trends and how it impacts on the Quality of Care Provided. Finally is the conclusion based on the findings. 2.0 ABSENTEEISM AT WORK Employees can be absent from work either due to Long-term sickness, short-term certified or uncertified sickness or unauthorised absence and lateness. Absenteeism will not include annual leave , maternity, compassionate or absence due to training or attending union meetings but where a worker fails to turn up at work as scheduled resulting in disruption of work schedule, added work load, increased payroll costs and poor quality service an d poor staff morale. High levels of absence are costly both to individual organisations and the economy as a whole. †¢ Company Background The home has 9 full-time Support Workers ( the manager, 4 seniors and 4 support workers) contracted 35hrs a week and 7 part-timers contracted 20 hrs per week who are mostly student giving a total of 455 hours whereas the expected care hours are (72hrs *7days) 504 hrs. The company has a pool of relief staff who can work in any home. Two seniors are on long term sickness due to injury at work hence a shortage of 70hrs a week. Until recently the home was allowed to use agency up to a maximum of 50 hrs per week and this has been scrapped from Dec 04 (kite Update 2004) and staff are encouraged to do overtime as the clients need regular staff that understand them and know their routines. More work loads leads to stressed staff whose morale will be affected and this in turn affects their performance and absenteeism will increase leading to inefficient Quality of Care provided. Every shift needs at least a staff who can give medication, a driver and both male and female staff due to cross –gender policy (Care Practice Manual 2004).When a key staff phones sick without notice this will disrupt activities of the day .

Rates of Reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rates of Reaction What is a rate of reaction? The amount of change of a product or reactant in a given time. What affects the rate? a) Concentration of solution (more likely to collide as more in same vol.) b) Temperature (increases speed of molecules, more exceed EA) c) Surface area (same as concentration) d) Pressure of gasses (same as conc.) e) Catalyst (guide particles to correct orientation + lowers EA) f) Others e.g. light(light = increase in speed of particles) How are rates altered? Collision theory: Particles must collide with an energy exceeding the EA and they must have the correct orientation. A reaction rate increased by, - Increasing collision frequency - Increasing average kinetic energy of particles - Lowering activation energy - Giving molecules correct orientation Effect of concentration on rate rA = rate of reaction with respect to A E.g. RH+ = rate of reaction with respect to H+(aq) Rate of reaction = K [A]a [B]b [C]c Units of rates of reaction = mol dm-3 s-1 Units of concentration = mol dm-3 Indices a, b, c etc: order of reaction - what is the effect on the rate of doubling the concentration E.g. [H+]1 = 1st order = if conc. is doubled, rate is doubled [H+]2 = 2nd order = if con. is double, rate is quadrupled [H+]0 = zero order = if conc. is doubled, rate is unaffected The constant, K K = rate constant. This is a constant of proportionality Units may vary but must include s-1 rA = k[A]1[B]1 mol dm-3 s-1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ = k (mol dm-3)(mol dm-3) for mol dm-3 s-1 to = mol dm-3 s-1 because k must = dm3 mol-1 s-1 because (mol dm-3)(mol dm-3) = mol2 dm-6, so to equal this out, k = dm3 mol-1 s-1 Expt. 11.2a the kinetics of the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ® CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Collect gas given off in a syringe. Create a table: Time (s) Volume of CO2 Vt (cm3) (Vfinal - Vt) cm3 Then to find the order, find the half - life if time periods are roughly the same between each half - life then it is first order. If it is second order the graph would increase and not be constant. Methods of following a reaction By titration E.g. reaction between iodine and propane in acid solution. Then on a graph time can be plotted against titre values, in this case a straight line is seen, suggesting the reaction to be zero order By colorimetry Can be used when one of the reactants or products have a colour, the intensity changing during the reaction. The intensity can be followed using a special colorimeter. By Dilatometry Where during the reaction the total volume of the solution changes.

Analysis Of Health And Social Care In The Uk

ABSTRACT This analysis provides a review on the health and social care services in the UK. This will include an exploration of inequalities with the care sectors from the focus of the policy and individual and a discussion on promotion of equality and individual rights within the care sector. A brief history of social care in the UK will also be given. A clear understanding of inequalities in health is of critical importance so as to develop policies and interventions that support all sections of the society and direct care, treatment and services in proportion to need. Social workers can play an important role in these inequalities by working with service users in increasing their social and material resources and providing them access to information and support systems as well as maximizing their capacity to managing their health. INTRODUCTION At a time when there is a growing population in need of care, yet inequalities in health and social care challenge effective provision of services, the UK government face the central question: how should inequalities in health care be tackled and how can government ensure the promotion of individual rights within the care sector (Alcock, et.al., 2006)In order to explore on this subject, we must first define what we mean by social care. Social care encompasses a range of services that help people maintain independence, help them manage complex relationships, protect them in vulnerable situations and enable them to play a fuller part in the society (DOH 2006). It includes the provision of personal care, social work, protection and social support services to children and vulnerable adults. The provision of social care is often deemed necessary at old age or when an individual is suffering from long-term illness, learning and physical/sensory disability or mental illness. RATIONALE The current system in the UK is perceived unfair in the provision services in health care. There are huge disparities in the provision of health care services in parts of the UK with the spearheaded areas experiencing worst health care and deprivation (Ellison & Pierson 2003). The central focus of health inequalities policies have primarily been on health care and NHS funding. While significant progress has been made over the past decade by the National Health Service, inequalities still remain prevalent in the health care (Adams 2007). BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL CARE IN THE UK Social care has long been in existence as an informal concept through family support, community support and charitable works (Manson, et.al., 2004). The earliest Parliamentary Act that offered formal support to social care was the Poor Law of 1601 (Manson, et.al., 2004). This Act of parliament referred those in need of domestic care, health care, employment and housing to the care of their Parish. The advent of social work in the 19th century offered more formal support to social care. From medieval times, care was provided mostly by faith organizations or voluntary associations (Manson, et.al., 2004). The coming into power by the liberal government in 1906 was accompanied with the provision of formal health and social care that led to the establishment of the National Health Services (NHS) and the Welfare state in England during the 1940s (Manson, et.al., 2004). This herald a new dawn for social work by making access to formal health and social care services free at the point of need. The care standards Act of 2000 further increased the recognition of social work with the introduction of a degree in social work and the social workers’ register (Porter & Teisberg 2006). It is a requirement for social workers to hold an Honours degree or postgraduate MA in social work and to register with the General Social Care Council prior to commencing work. With this background knowledge in mind, it is worth examining the types of services provided by agencies in social care. SERVICES PROVIDED BY STATUTORY AND VOLUNTARY CARE AGENCIES Care services include services provided at care homes, domiciliary care, foster care, respite care and care provided at community venues (Jordan 2008).DOMICILIARY CARE/HOME CAREThis is the care that is provided at home and is suited for persons that have less acute need (Francis 2012). Limited nursing care may be provided by a District Nurse when needed. Nursing care is usually provided in care homes especially for the more infirm elderly as such individuals are often in need of medical attention and a greater level of care (Lovell & Cordeaux 1999). Domiciliary care aims at providing help with a specific task such as bathing or waking up in the morning. Traditionally, family members, friends and partners have provided domiciliary care. There is however a growing number of voluntary and statutory agencies providing domiciliary care services in the UK. Care UK is one such provider which has been approved to provide domiciliary care services to 55 local authorities in the UK (Francis 2012). Care UK provides domiciliary care to many service users including older people with dementia, children, individuals who are physically disabled and those with sensory impairments as well as serving adults with specialist needs such as mental illness, learning difficulties, HIV and acquired brain injury (Francis 2012).RESPITE CAREThis can be defined as a temporary relief provided for an elderly or the carer and may take the following forms (Lovell & Cordeaux 1999): Taking a break away from the daily routine by the elderly such as a going on a holiday. A short stay in a care home so that the carer can go on a holiday Increased support at home to enable the carer to pursue his/her interests Respite care may be as little as a day, a week or even an hour per week depending on the circumstances of the individual. Under the Carers Recognition and Services Act 1995, a carer who provides substantial care to his/her relative, friend, neighbour or partner is entitled to his/her own separate assessment by social services (Lovell & Cordeaux 1999). If assessed as in need of respite care, then this can be arranged by them.FOSTER CAREThis refers to the care provided to a minor who has been made a â€Å"ward† (Curry & Ham 2010). The minor is placed in the hands of a licensed or state certified caregiver who is often referred to as the foster parent. Foster care placement may be voluntary or involuntary. Where the biological parent is not able to provide the needed care to the minor, then voluntary placement may occur. However, where the minor is at risk of physical or psychological harm, then involuntary placement occurs (Curry & Ham 2010). There are many agencies providing fostering services in the UK. FosterCare UK is one independent non-profit organization established in 2007 to provide foster care services to minors in London and South East (Porter & Teisberg 2006). FosterCare UK recruits, trains, approves and supports foster carers to work with young people with complex and challenging needs (Porter & Teisberg 2006).COMMUNITY CARECare may as well be provided at community venues such as drop-in and day care centres. A good example is the Community Integrated Care (CIC) group, one of the leading nonprofit social and health care providers in the UK (Porter & Teisberg 2006). CIC is a national and registered charity that works in the community by providing support to people with a diverse range of needs across England and Scotland (Porter & Teisberg 2006). The group provides support to people with learning difficulties, physical disabilities and mental health conditions. It also provides a range of support services to o lder people with dementia. Further, CIC provides homelessness services such as housing, personal development and training and education to homeless people (Porter & Teisberg 2006). While there are a number of agencies, both statutory and voluntary, offering social care services to vulnerable individuals, challenges still remain in the provision of such services. Health inequality is one major challenge which has continued to undermine the effective provision of services in the health care. INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH In the UK, the black and minority ethnic (BME) groups have in general reported ill-health and their dissatisfaction with the care services. A large proportion of the UK population constitutes the white. According to the 2001 census, the white accounted for 92% of the total population while the Black British and Asians accounted for 2% and 4% respectively (DOH 2006). Ethnic differences in the delivery and uptake of health care services have been reported. For example, access to care for coronary heart disease has been found to be lower among the South Asians (DOH 2006). With reference to prevention, the rates of smoking cessation have been found to be lower in these minority groups compared to the whites (DOH 2006). Additionally, most of these minority groups have indicated higher rates of dissatisfaction with the services provided by the NHS. For example, according to the Healthcare Commission patient surveys, most of the South Asians reported poorer experiences in hospitals as inpatients (DOH 2006). Many of these minority groups experience higher rates of poverty than the whites, in terms of area deprivation, worklessness, income, and the lack of basic necessities. This perhaps explains the variation in self-reported health. However, other than their socio-economic status, there is a complex interplay of factors that may be responsible for causing such inequalities including discrimination, racism, poor delivery of health care services, biological susceptibility and the differences in culture and lifestyles (DOH 2006). PROGRESS AND INITIATIVES TOWARDS REDUCING INEQUALITY IN HEALTH CARE Policy developments have tried to tackle inequalities in health. Acheson’s Independent Inquiry of 1998 was a key initiative that put health inequalities on the policy agenda (Stuart 2003). It emphasized on how poverty, the wider inequalities and exclusion were impacting on the provision of health care services. Subsequent policies have also recognized inequalities in health as multi-faceted and focused on reducing these inequalities. The central focus of health inequalities policies have primarily been on health care and NHS funding (Baldock, et.al., 2007). Besides the socioeconomic inequalities, policies have also focused explicitly on equity between the various ethnic groups. Identifying good practice in racial equality and mainstreaming strategies in health services has been the main approach to tackling inequalities (Baldock, et.al., 2007). A number initiatives have been commissioned by the Department of Health to collate good practice in equality in health such as Race for Health, Pacesetters and handling problems like language barriers and barrier to access of health care resources (Stuart 2003). More recently, major reforms have been made to the NHS. The role that Primary Care Trust plays in health care has expanded and changes have been made to practice based commissioning, competition, and involvement of patient as well as plurality of providers (Lewis, et.al 2010). These reforms are seen as making it easier tailor health care services to local populations thus meeting the needs of everyone, including the minority groups. The Department of Health has also initiated the Mosaic programme, which aims at developing and maintaining good practice in procurement, based on the Commission for Racial Equality guidelines (DOH 2006). Concerns have however been raised by critics that the initiative may not be of benefit to the minority and deprived groups and they have called for an examination of the impact that these reforms may have on equalities. While there has been a remarkable progress towards reducing inequalities in the health care sector in UK, there is still the need to develop more policies and interventions that support all sections of the society and direct care, treatment and services in proportion to need. This includes advocating for the promotion of individual rights within the care sector. PROMOTION OF EQUALITY AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS In this regard, individual rights include, but are not limited to (Adams 2007): The right to respect Not to be discriminated against Right to practice their cultural and religious beliefs Making their own choices Right to equality or to be treated in a similar manner as the rest of the population Treated as an individual Right to be treated in a dignified way Right to privacy or confidentiality Protection from harm and danger Right to have access to information, especially where that information concerns them Communication using their preferred methods. There is thus the need for recognition of the immense diversity amongst individuals in the British society and how care agencies, both voluntary and statutory, can accommodate this diversity. This promotion of equality and individual rights is crucial for effective provision of care services. That is, social workers need to treat everyone as an individual, have respect for individual’s diversity and cultural values, promote equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, empower individuals, support them express their needs and experiences, ensure their well-being, work in ways consistent with the individual’s preferences and beliefs, avoid their discrimination and put the individual’s preference at the heart of service provisions through person centred planning approach (Adams 2007). CONCLUSION Social care services are provided to vulnerable individuals to protect them from harm, promote their independence and social inclusion, preserve or advance their physical and mental health, improve their opportunities and life chances, strengthen their families and protect and promote their individual human rights. In spite of the importance of provision of social care services, it is apparent that the current system in the UK is perceived unfair in the provision of health care services. There seems to be huge disparities in health care service provisions in parts of the UK with the spearheaded areas experiencing worst health care and deprivation. A remarkable progress has however been made towards reducing inequalities in the health A number initiatives have been commissioned by the Department of Health to collate good practice in equality in health such as Race for Health, Pacesetters and major reforms made to the NHS. These are seen as making it easier to tailor health care services to local populations thus meeting the needs of everyone, including the minority groups. While there has been a remarkable progress made, there is still the need to develop more policies and interventions that support all sections of the society and direct care, treatment and services in proportion to need. Social workers can play an important role in reducing health inequalities by working with service users in increasing their social and material resources and providing them access to information and support systems as well as maximizing their capacity to managing their health. REFERENCE Adams, R., 2007. Foundations of health and social care. Palgrave publishers Alcock, P., et.al., 2006. Students companion to social policy. Blackwell publishers Baldock et al (eds), 2007. Social Policy, Oxford University Press. Bradshaw, et.al., 1978. Issues in social policy. Routledge. Curry N. and C. Ham, 2010. Clinical and Service Integration: The route to improved outcomes. London: The King’s Fund. Available at: www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/clinical_and_service.html (accessed on 16 February 2012). Department of Health (DOH), 2006. Our Health, Our Care, Our Say: A New Direction for Community Services. London: DOH Department of Health, 1998. Modernising social services. Crown publishers. Hill, M., 2006. Social policy in the modern world. Blackwell publishers Ellison, N. and C. Pierson, 2003. Developments in British Social Policy. Palgrave publishers Francis, J., 2012. An overview of the UK domiciliary care sector. Sutton. United Kingdom Home Care Association Ltd. Jordan, B., 2008. Social policy for the 21st century (New Perspective). Polity Press. Lewis R, et.al., 2010. Where Next for Integrated Care Organisations in the NHSLondon: Nuffield Trust. Lovell, T and C. Cordeaux, 1999. Social Policy for Health and Social Care. Hodder and Stoughton. Mason, et.al, 2004. BTEC Introduction Health and Social Care. Heinemann. Platt, L, 2002. Parallel livesPoverty among ethnic minority groups in Britain, London. Porter, M. and E. Teisberg, 2006. Redefining Health Care: Creating Value- Based Competition On Results. Harvard Business School Press. Stuart, et.al, 2003. Tackling Health Inequalities since the Acheson Inquiry, Bristol

Poem of William Caslos William Essay

William Carlos Williams is a pioneer who creates a self-coloured new certainm in American poetry. He is regarded as an important and authoritative poet because of his unique and usually plain style. The rime Poem is one of the most giving verses reflecting Williams style of writing. In this piece of work, Williams discusses a central contrast between the mortality rate of manners and immortality of art through the contrive of twain move ups in spirit and in poetry. It can be said that breeding is symbolized by the come up, the central image and as well the main theme of Poem.The real bloom and unreal one atomic number 18 skillfully used to represent two factors the reality and the art. In spirit, a locomote which cannot avoid the cycle of period undergoes stages of nature rules. First, it germinates from a seed. Then, it grows up and blooms or blossoms. Next, it fades or discolored. Finally, it dies. The rose fades And is renewed again By its seed naturally (Wi lliams, 1983). The issue of the rose fading show that life, no question what forms, follows the nature changing rule and in the end fades away.Meanwhile, Williams uses the image of the rose in song to respect the art because the real rose will fade naturally just now the rose of art keeps an ever-lasting beauty take over in the poem shall it go to perplex no diminution of its splendor (Williams, 1983). Generally, the complete poem presents the central contrast of nature versus art, death versus life and cycle of time versus perfection that lasts forever. With respect to the highlighted image of the rose in poetry, it can not be touch but lives forever and body perfect, fresh, young, and beautiful regardless of time.It has the empowerment of splendor, perfection, and immortality. In fact, Williams intention after his words of laudatory the power of the rose in poem is to advocate the power of art in general. It seems that the poet gives prominence to art whose role is to remind and guide people through curves of life thanks to its beauty and significance of teaching method truth, giving beauty and pleasure, shaping deterrent example characters, video display power of language and showing human experience.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

Ancient Art

decorate of Lions- Chauvet undermines tabby cat Nefertari universeeuver write up is a memorialise of how slew in the historic lived, felt, and acted it allows us a glimpse of a coarse ago dead soul culture. To play at antiquated Greek dodge is to meet the richness and accomplishments of charitablee beings. though the Greeks utilise contrivance to purity the Gods, it was those equivalent Gods that were created in human image. however their sculpture, pottery, and temples, were created infra the thorough doctrine of arte, importee to go unitys fullest potential. Without Romes figure out, we would not demand cover or the Pantheon, which is remedy in social function today. dapple more than sacrilegious and functional in cast, the Romans veritable the delectation of the arch, the vault, and the dome, leaders for a ofttimes grander form of architecture. From the Greeks example, the Romans demonstrable arial mosaic decorations, which became a actually definitive brass of gloomy national decoration. The palaeolithic intent is refer blood-red to as the quarry Age, generally because nether land stratagemifacts be the wholly maneuverifacts that go survived. In palaeolithic scenes, the images of universe r arely look and when they do they are more simplified and rear than the images of animals, which depict an expressive naturalism. discover by threesome countermine explorers in 1994, the Chauvet Caves, fit(p) in the Ardeche region of Confederate France designation backbone to m whateverwhat 30,000 BC. The closely(prenominal) famed hollow out experienceings in the world, this Pont d bowing find holds the oldest cognize paintings. revealicoloured in charcoal-grey and ear wherefore pigments, bright images of horses, rhinoceroses, tigers, and some other(a) animals that ample ago became out(p) authority us what liveness was handle for our ancestors. It has pine been the opini on of scholars that the resolve stool this naturalistic art was to exact the tint of the animals into the rituals of the hunt.It is believed that he Chauvet Caves were utilize as a insane asylum where the palaeolithic people initiated their youth in ceremonies. This supposition is establish on some(prenominal) exemplary and metaphysical associations with the animals portrayed in these old-fashioned core out paintings. The Chauvet Cave features a envy view of a arrogance of lions capture in concert for bison as this was a aeonian place of dwelling house for man, this art diddles a level of phylogeny for mankind. Chauvet Caves is change integrity into devil interrupts. opus the first-year part is in general red images with some raw imagery, the molybdenum part is mainly scorch images of animals.Along with the insolence of lions is a painting of three horses more than 60% of the animals identify at Chauvet-Pont-d-Arc were considered perilous giganti c animals. These animals represent the animals that underbred man hunt d avow at the time. It is strike the union of shading and berth that went into the base of these hollow out creations. These refinements crease capitally with the images we are apply to seeing. Egypt, cognize for such(prenominal) mesmeric flora as The bully Pyramids, had deserts on both sides of the Nile.Because of this, Egypt remained relatively whole from utside influence for 2,500 days, wind to their own distinctive expression of architecture, painting, and sculpture. While their spectral tactile sensation cerebrate largely on living later on death, disturbance and economy of the carcass was immanent for extending flavor beyond the grave. Upon death, bodies of royalty and splendor were embalmed unitedly with sequent artifacts, tools, and furniture, they were then hide in pyramids or in clandestine thermionic tube grave accents. Architects assemble great apparent move ment into funerary structures. As a result, well-nigh of what we feel close to ancient Egypt comes from such grave accents.Frank, 2010). Nefertaris grave is considered to be one of the outperform preserved, most silverish paintings of any Egyptian inhumation come out. Discovered in 1904 by archeologist Ernesto Schiaparelli, he fatigued deuce years excavating both this site and other sites nearly the valley of the promote with express mail success. benevolence and humidity, heterogeneous with landslides and brininess deposits, had go away the tomb in dingy condition. In 1986, the Ministry of gardening and the Egyptian Antiquities boldness in Cooperation with Getty saving bestow were resolute to sail through regain pouffe Nefertaris tomb. sprite Nefertari was believed to be world power Ramesses IIs pet wife, and as such, he commissioned a beautifully assorted tomb in a sensitive rock-cut temple for her to be displace following to his own. It was dict ated in the vale of the faggots, which is dictated in Thebes. ruling during the nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty, the queens tomb consisted of some(prenominal) dwell and hallways with paintings of Queen Nefertari in respective(a) positions doing legion(predicate) various things. At the ingress is a portraiture of a cheerfulness mingled with Isis and Nephythys, which leads into an fling hall, with some(prenominal) paintings that argue the Queen in morality and fling items to contrary Gods.